top of page
Search

An Open Letter To The Israeli Student Association

Updated: Aug 8

*Hebrew below



Gal is teaching at the Open University of Israel and his research focuses on issues of ethnicity, citizenship education, poverty and activism. He's been teaching Hebrew at TINAU for four years and he's also a TINAU student for Arabic.


Wrong Opinion? Get Out

I am addressing you in your capacity as the chairwoman of the students union at my place of work, the Open University. I have been researching and teaching in the department of sociology, political science and communication for over 20 years. As part of my classes that deal with political issues in Israel and the world, I have met hundreds of students from all walks of life in Israel. I never thought the university should expel a student because of their opinions. This week I learned that you think, on behalf of the student union, that I or my colleagues should be fired (without compensation) because of our opinions.


Drive the Terror Out Academiaย 

What did you call the campaign? "Drive the terror out of academia!" Due to the "atmosphere of incitement in the universities" you have made yourselves the gatekeepers of proper speech. I will not elaborate here on freedom of expression and academic freedom. But it is only ironic that in your letter you praise the academy as a place for ideological deliberation. Indeed an open place for conceptual clarification, until the door you appointed yourself to close. I do wish to talk about the anticipation, which is expressed in your letter, that standing โ€œtogetherโ€ implies ideological uniformity. It seems that the slogan to which we are exposed everywhere and at any time, "Together we will win", is also at the base of your campaign. "Together" is an important idea, especially when it comes to workplaces or studies and its power to protect individuals. Alone we are powerless and defenseless. That is why trade unions and student or tenant associations are so important, and why the law recognizes and protects this right. But in the eyes of the student union, the law should limit not only the freedom of expression but also the freedom of occupation.


What is an Extreme Opinion?ย 

Your complaint is not about the conduct of lecturers in the classrooms or in front of students. You cherry picked utterances of academics that were made in their capacity as citizens, and from those statements you created an ugly campaign of shaming and incitement, for the simple reason that their opinions are not popular with you. But these are not just unpopular or extreme opinions. These are opinions that do not align with what you see as an imagined consensus, which is the bar of what is allowed and what is not allowed to be said. It is important to note: you have no problem with extreme opinions. I have not yet come across a campaign by the Student Union against those who call for the removal of the Palestinians from this land or for settling in Gaza. As of today, these are still extreme opinions in the eyes of many of the mainstream in Israel.


What is the Threshold?ย 

But you have taken this even further. You are not only denouncing the opinions, but the speakers themselves. You demand the dismissal without compensation of those whose views cross the threshold you set. What is the threshold? Apparently what is defined in the law as the denial of the existence of the state as a Jewish and democratic state, incitement to terrorism or support for an armed struggle. It is no accident that you omitted the section in the law that prohibits racist incitement. I'll get right back to that too. "Drive the terror out of academia!", you shout, while you control mental and occupational terror on those whose opinions do not meet the standard. I will repeat and emphasize: you are not making allegations against someone who misappropriate their duties or acted inappropriately towards the students. You are establishing a thought police.


ย 


ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื•"ืจ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ื™ ืœื•ื™



ื’ื‘' ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœื•ื,


ืื ื™ ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™ื™ืš ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ืš ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื”. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจ ื•ืžืœืžื“ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืžื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืขืœ 20 ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืื•ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืฉืœ ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ืฉื ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ืฉืื•ืชื™ ืื• ืืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื˜ืจ (ืœืœื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื) ื‘ืฉืœ ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื ื•. ื”ืจืฉื™ ืœื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™.ย 

ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืื“ ื”ืชืจืฉืžืชื™ ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื•. ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืื• ื”ืื–ืจื— ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืžืฉืžืขืช, ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœื” ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืืฃ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื’. ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ืฉืืช, ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืืช ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืžื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ืช, ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ. ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื ืฆื™ื’ืช ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืื—ืจ?

ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื™ืชืžื. ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืœื” ืœืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืื™ืš ืงืจืืชื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ? "ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื”!"ย ื‘ืฉืœ "ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืกืชื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช" ืฉืžืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืื•ื™. ืื ื™ ืœื ืืจื—ื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™. ืืš ื–ื” ืจืง ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื›ื ืืชื ืžื”ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื›ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™. ืื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืคืชื•ื— ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™, ืขื“ ืœื“ืœืช ืฉืืชื ืžื™ื ื™ืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืœืกื’ื•ืจ. ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ื”ื•ืย  ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืดื‘ื™ื—ื“ืด ืžืฉืžืขื• ื’ื ืฆื™ืคื•ืฃ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™. ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ืกืžื ืœื” ืื ื• ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”, ืดื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื ื ืฆื—ืด, ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื. ืดื‘ื™ื—ื“ืด ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜. ืœื‘ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ื ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืื• ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื•ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง.ย 

ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื™ื ื” ื–ื”ื” ืื• ื—ื•ืคืคืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื›ืื“ื ื•ื›ืื–ืจื—. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื•ื˜ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืคื™ื™ืš ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื•ืœืš ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื• ื’ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื” ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืชื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืจืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื. ื”ืœื›ืชื ื•ืœื™ืงื˜ืชื ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื•ื ืฉื•ืช ืกื’ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืืžื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืฆืจืชื ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืกืชื”, ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื ืื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืชื ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื ืื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืื• ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื™ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ืงื• ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื ืกื ื–ื•ืก ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘: ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ืืจืฅ ืื• ืœื”ืชื ื—ืœ ื‘ืขื–ื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื, ืืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.ย 

ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืื™ื ื›ื ืจืง ืžื•ืงื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ืืœื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื. ืืชื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื“ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืฃ ืฉืงื‘ืขืชื. ืžื”ื• ื”ืกืฃ? ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื›ืฉืœื™ืœืช ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืกืชื” ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ ืื• ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืžื–ื•ื™ืŸ. ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืฉืžื˜ืชื ืืช ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืกืชื” ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช. ืžื™ื“ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ื’ื ืœื–ื”. "ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”", ืืชื ื–ื•ืขืงื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื“ืขื•ืชื™ื• ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืŸ. ืืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืื“ื’ื™ืฉ: ืื™ื ื›ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ ืฉืžืขืœ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืื• ืคืขืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื. ืืชื ืžืงื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช.

ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืžืœืžื“ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง (ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื›ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืคืงื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืœื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”) - ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืชื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื“ืขื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื’ื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืžื–ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™. ืœืขื•ืžืชื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืชื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืจื•ืื” ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืงื™ืข ืžืงืจื‘ื”, ื•ืœื ืขืจืš ืื• ื“ืขื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืœื ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืงื”.ย 

ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืฉื›ืžืจืฆื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืงื•ืจืก ืฉืœื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืฉืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืœืจื•ื—ื™. ื›ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืจืืฉ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืฆื“ืง. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื™. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืืงื“ืžื™, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื™.ย 

ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื’ื ืื ื™ ืืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉืืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื• ืืœื™ื™ืš. ืืฉืžื— ืื ืชืจืื™ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืœื ื”ืชื ืฆื—ื•ืช, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื”ืžืืชื’ืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.ย 


ื’ืœ ืœื•ื™

ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืžื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช


193 views0 comments

Comments


bottom of page